Harvard-trained surgeon. Researcher in oncology. Dedicated to bringing precision, compassion, and scholarship to every patient encounter.
Dr. Theodoros Michelakos is an Assistant Professor of Surgery in the Division of Surgical Oncology at Rush Medical College, where he specializes in endocrine and neuroendocrine surgery. His clinical focus encompasses diseases of the thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, as well as neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas.
Dr. Michelakos earned his MD from the University of Athens School of Health Sciences, graduating magna cum laude and ranked first in his class, before completing his general surgery residency at Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School. He subsequently completed an advanced fellowship in endocrine and neuroendocrine surgery at the University of Chicago. He is certified by the American Board of Surgery.
His research program focuses on cancer immunology and new technologies in medicine. He has published over 40 peer-reviewed papers in journals including Annals of Surgery, JAMA Oncology, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, and Clinical Cancer Research, and has presented at major national and international conferences.
He serves on the editorial boards of BMC Cancer, Frontiers in Surgery, and several other prestigious journals. He is committed to surgical education, having received Resident Teaching Awards from both Harvard Medical School and Tufts Medical School.
Current PositionAssistant Professor, Dept. of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology - Rush Medical College
Clinical FellowshipEndocrine & Neuroendocrine Surgery - University of Chicago
Research FellowshipSurgical Oncology & Cancer Immunology - Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School
ResidencyGeneral Surgery - Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School
MDUniversity of Athens School of Health Sciences (magna cum laude, ranked 1st)
Board CertifiedAmerican Board of Surgery
H-index24 · i10-index: 36 · 2,800+ citations
Most thyroid nodules are benign, but some require further evaluation with ultrasound and biopsy. Dr. Michelakos works closely with endocrinology to determine when surgery is indicated and ensures the least invasive approach appropriate for each patient.
Surgical management of papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancers. Treatment is individualized based on tumor type, size, and extent, ranging from lobectomy to total thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection.
Graves' disease is an autoimmune condition causing an overactive thyroid. For patients who have not responded to medication or radioactive iodine, or who prefer a definitive surgical option, total thyroidectomy offers a durable cure.
Primary hyperparathyroidism, most commonly caused by a single benign adenoma, leads to elevated calcium and can affect bones, kidneys, and energy levels. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is curative in the vast majority of cases.
Adrenal tumors may be functional (producing excess hormones such as in Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome, or pheochromocytoma) or non-functional. Surgical removal is performed laparoscopically in most cases, with a rapid recovery.
NETs arise from hormone-producing cells throughout the body — most commonly in the GI tract and pancreas. Dr. Michelakos has extensive research and clinical experience in NETs and offers surgical management from resection to debulking for metastatic disease.
To schedule a new patient appointment or for referrals and general inquiries, contact Dr. Michelakos's office directly or book through Rush's online portal.
Dr. Michelakos is always available for patients with thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, or neuroendocrine conditions. He offers in-clinic thyroid ultrasound and FNA with reflex molecular testing, typically in a single visit. He prioritizes prompt scheduling across RUMC Main Campus, Rush Lisle, and Rush Oak Lawn. Please call (312) 942-5500 or email [email protected] to coordinate a timely consultation.
Dr. Michelakos welcomes inquiries from researchers, clinicians, and industry partners.
Thoughts from the operating room, the laboratory, and the spaces in between: on medicine, science, and the human condition.
TI-RADS calculation and action (Middleton, 2017) · 2025 ATA differentiated thyroid cancer guidelines (Ringel, 2025)
PARAFLUO ROT (Bergenfelz, 2023) · Primary hyperparathyroidism imaging review (Bunch & Kelly, 2018) · 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT (Broos, 2019)
A curated hub for residents rotating through endocrine surgery. Access OR preferences, patient care protocols, and mentorship resources below.
Residents on the endocrine surgery service will participate in a high-volume practice covering thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal surgery. Emphasis is placed on operative decision-making, intraoperative teaching, and evidence-based postoperative management.
Dr. Michelakos actively mentors residents interested in endocrine surgery, surgical research, and academic careers. Research opportunities in cancer immunology are available for motivated trainees. Reach out directly to discuss.
Operating room preferences and patient care protocols for residents and staff on the service. Access via the secure residents portal.
Open Residents Portal →